Vasectomy
1. What is a vasectomy?
A vasectomy is a permanent form of male birth control. It is a simple surgical procedure that blocks or cuts the vas deferens — the tubes that carry sperm from the testicles — so that sperm cannot mix with semen during ejaculation.
2. How effective is a vasectomy?
Vasectomy is over 99% effective at preventing pregnancy, making it one of the most reliable forms of contraception available. It does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
3. What happens during the procedure?
A vasectomy is typically performed in the office under local anesthesia:
A small opening is made in the scrotum
The vas deferens from each testicle is cut and sealed
The procedure usually takes 15–30 minutes
4. What is recovery like?
Most men return to work within 1–2 days
Some swelling, bruising, or discomfort is normal for a few days
Wearing supportive underwear and using ice packs can help reduce swelling
You should avoid strenuous activity or sex for about a week
5. Is vasectomy immediately effective?
No. It takes time for remaining sperm to be cleared from the semen. You must use another form of birth control until a follow-up semen analysis confirms zero sperm, usually after about 8–12 weeks or 20 ejaculations.
6. Does vasectomy affect sexual function?
No. Vasectomy does not affect testosterone levels, erections, ejaculation, or libido. Semen will look and feel the same — it just won't contain sperm.
7. Can a vasectomy be reversed?
Vasectomy should be considered permanent, but in some cases, reversal is possible. However, success rates decline over time, and it may not restore fertility. If you're uncertain about future children, discuss sperm banking with your urologist.
8. What are the risks or complications?
Vasectomy is very safe, but possible risks include:
Swelling or bruising
Infection at the incision site
Post-vasectomy pain syndrome (rare, chronic discomfort)
Formation of sperm granulomas (small lumps)
Most side effects are mild and resolve within a few days.