Laser Lithotripsy

1. What is laser lithotripsy?

Laser lithotripsy is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat kidney stones or ureteral stones. A small, flexible scope is inserted through the urethra and bladder to reach the stone. A laser is then used to break the stone into small fragments, which are either removed or left to pass naturally in the urine.

2. When is laser lithotripsy recommended?

Laser lithotripsy may be recommended if:

  • The stone is too large to pass on its own

  • There is severe pain or infection

  • Previous treatments like ESWL were unsuccessful

  • The stone is located in the ureter or kidney

It is often used for stones of various sizes and types, including hard or complex stones.

3. How is the procedure performed?

  • You’ll be given general or spinal anesthesia

  • A ureteroscope (a thin tube with a camera) is passed into the urinary tract

  • A laser fiber is used to break up the stone into small pieces

  • Fragments may be removed with a tiny basket, or left to pass naturally

  • A temporary stent may be placed to keep the ureter open during healing

The procedure typically takes 30–90 minutes, depending on the stone size and location.

4. What is recovery like after laser lithotripsy?

Most patients:

  • Go home the same day or after an overnight stay

  • May feel mild burning or urgency when urinating for a few days

  • Can return to work or normal activities within a few days

  • Are advised to drink plenty of water to help flush out remaining fragments

If a stent was placed, you may feel discomfort or urinary symptoms until it is removed.

5. What are the risks or side effects?

Laser lithotripsy is generally safe, but possible risks include:

  • Blood in the urine (hematuria)

  • Urinary tract infection

  • Ureteral injury or stricture (rare)

  • Discomfort from the stent

  • Need for repeat procedures if stone fragments remain

Your urologist will provide specific guidance based on your individual risk factors.

6. How effective is laser lithotripsy?

Laser lithotripsy is one of the most effective treatments for urinary stones, with a high stone-free rate — especially for stones that are hard, large, or located in difficult areas of the kidney or ureter.

7. What follow-up is needed?

After the procedure:

  • You may need imaging (X-ray, ultrasound, or CT) to confirm stone clearance

  • If a stent was placed, it is usually removed after 5–14 days

  • Your urologist may analyze stone fragments to help prevent future stones